Scope of UCC Article 2
UCC Article 2 governs the sale of GOODS (tangible, movable property). Services and real estate are covered by common law. When a contract involves both goods and services, the predominant purpose test determines which law applies.
Key UCC Rules
Firm offer: a signed, written offer by a merchant is irrevocable for the stated time (up to 3 months) even without consideration. Battle of the forms: under UCC 2-207, an acceptance with additional terms can still form a contract (unlike common law mirror image rule). Perfect tender: buyer can reject goods that fail to conform in ANY respect.
Warranties
Express warranty: seller's affirmation of fact. Implied warranty of merchantability: goods are fit for ordinary purpose. Implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose: seller knows buyer's specific need and buyer relies on seller's expertise.